Entitlement and Linguistic Imperialism of Foreigners Wanting to Come to Japan

My recent (but now terminated) participation on LinkedIn provided me a glimpse into how some foreigners—particularly foreigners who are having language-related employment problems in Japan or who want to come here to work but haven’t yet made it—view Japan and its “language problem.”

A complaint I often hear is that it is unfair for Japanese companies to require foreign employees to be Japanese capable. Some foreigners cite the requirement to pass a Japanese language proficiency test as being discriminatory. After all, they are highly educated, speak English, and have extremely valuable technical skills that don’t require Japanese ability, right?

I am not talking about farm or factory workers brokered into Japan from Asia, but rather people seeking work in jobs that call for a high level of education and skill; jobs such as programmer, but physically in a Japanese company, not on a farm in Tochigi or a factory in Aichi.

To my ears, the above type of comment is evidence of both entitlement and linguistic imperialism.

Where did these people get the notion that Japanese companies are obligated to treat them any differently from other employees?

I have spent a few years in Japan (about 50, actually), have had professional interaction with hundreds of companies, and have yet to encounter a Japanese company that operates in English here, or that would consider a foreign employee in Japan incapable of communicating in Japanese to be a full member of their team.

Surprise! The language of Japan is Japanese, and almost everybody here, including me, thinks that’s just fine.

The people voicing displeasure at the language requirement would, as employees, be required to interact on a daily basis with Japanese employees, most of whom are not proficient in English, and that needs to be done in Japanese. Interacting with other employees is part of the job. Without Japanese, a foreigner will not be fully functional.

These disgruntled foreigners need to remember that Japanese companies are made not of computer programs, databases, and hardware, but of carbon-based humans who communicate in Japanese. I suppose an argument could be made that the foreigners could work remotely, but then they don’t need to be in Japan, and that would burst the come-to-Japan balloon that many of these people are floating.

Why don’t Japanese speak English, some might wonder? Well, the short answer is that they don’t need to.

Additionally, although Japan never succeeded at conquering enough countries for long enough to force their language down the throats of many non-Japanese in a lasting manner, the situation with English is quite different. The success of anglophone incursions into countries and linguistic lives all over the globe has fostered a cohort of native English speakers who think that English is a given.

Many they think that having to learn Japanese places them at an unfair disadvantage with respect to native Japanese speakers. Fair or not, they are correct about the disadvantage and just need to suck it up.

The W-Word Seldom Heard from NHK News

Listening to the NHK coverage of several wars that are going on around the world, I’m wondering whether the people at NHK haven’t taken a hint from Fawlty Towers in reporting of the Russo-Ukraine war. They certainly are reluctant to “mention the war,” regarding numerous things going on in the world that are clearly and correctly referred to as wars every day by respected news sources around the world.

Wars in places such as Ukraine are referred to by NHK (in Japanese, the only language that matters regarding the position of Japan media and Japan on such matters) as invasions, situations, conflicts, fighting, and other things, but almost never does NHK use the W-word.

To be fair, NHK does seem to permit non-NHK people who are being interviewed in somewhat uncontrolled and perhaps difficult-to-edit situations to use the W-word, but I have never heard it uttered from an NHK mouth in their news, and that apparent W-word prohibition appears to extend to people who are being interviewed in an NHK studio, and who might be somehow connected to NHK, albeit via things other than NHK news; university professors come to mind. They are presumably asked to tow the non-war line, and tow it they do.

In a few online places where NHK reports the news in English, however, I have seen them use the W-word. It’s similar to the situation with regard to “immigration,” the Japanese word for which is never used officially with regard to people coming to Japan to live, even permanently, although Japan has historically and ironically referred in English to its having an “immigration office.” This could be the result of an unwarranted concern regarding the distaste the thought of immigration could evoke from the general populace.

Japanese is the only language that has any official standing in Japan. If something is said in English, it hasn’t actually been said, aguably doesn’t matter, and in any event can be denied by pointing to the officially recognized Japanese rendering or explanation. Surprise! Japanese is the governing language in Japan, and English is provided only as a convenience; making English deniable is certainly convenient.

I think NHK needs to get real. Avoiding the use of the word war to describe what is happening in Ukraine is not going to get Japan back its Northern Territories from Russia. NHK really needs to get real. Calling the war a war won’t cost anything, other than perhaps the loss of Japan’s well-earned reputation for being excessively careful, even if it results in silly news coverage.

Japanese Government-mandated Orthography Chaos

Japan was considerably later than numerous other civilizations in acquiring a written language. When it did, it was basically by adopting Chinese characters to the task of writing Japanese. Those characters are still used, and promoters of schemes to replace them totally with phonetic writing have universally failed. They’re here to stay.

Before the early 20th century, the use of kanji logograms (not ideograms, a long-standing misconception I will write about shortly) in Japan was without much government interference or guidance. It was a lawless land of kanji logograms.

Then came the kanjicrats, with numerous well-meaning attempts to regulate or guide use of kanji, most of which did not reflect—and was ineffective in controlling—the way kanji were used in real life. Some of the highlights of the kanji evolution in Japan are as follows.

1923Joyo Kanji Table May 9
1962 characters, 154 abbreviated characters
1931147 characters removed from and 45 characters added to the Joyo Kanji Table, making it 1858 characters.
November 16, 1946Toyo Kanji Table established by cabinet order (Cabinet Notification/Order)
(1) 1850 characters for use in statutes, public documents, newspapers, and general society)
(2) Proper nouns such as personal names and place names are exceptions, considered separately because of legal and other reasons.
February 16 1948Toyo Kanji onyomi and kunyomi Tables and Toyo Kanji Separate Table established (Cabinet Notification/Order)
(1) Generated to indicate the onyomi and kunyomi to be used going forward for each of the characters in the Toyo Kanji table.
(2) 881 characters (so-called educational characters) of the Toyo Kanji table listed as necessary in education during compulsory education to enable reading and writing.
April 28, 1949Toyo Kanji Character Form Table (Cabinet Notification/Order)
(1) Created to show the standard form of kanji in the Toyo Kanji table
(2) To facilitate and make accurate the reading and writing of characters in the table, organization of simplified characters and unification as much as possible in accordance with printed character forms.
May 25, 1961Personal Name Character Table (Cabinet Notification/Order)
92 Kanji characters indicated for use in proper nouns.
July 30, 1976Added Personal Name Character Table (Cabinet Notification/Order)
28 Characters added for use in personal names.
October 1, 1981Joyo Kanji Table (Cabinet Notification/Order)
(1) 95 Characters added to the Toyo Kanji table for use in statutes, public documents, newspapers, magazines, broadcasting, and daily life in writing Japanese, making the character count 1945
(2) Place names and personal names are treated as exceptions.
(3) The Joyo Kanji list of characters should be used as a reference in selecting names for children.
December 8, 2000(Response from the National Language Council)
Non-listed character list of characters for printing established (1022 characters) as standard printing character forms. JIS standard JIS X 0213 modified accordingly.
Subsequent Addition of Characters for Personal Names
198154 characters added.
February 2004Several characters added, making the total number of characters for personal names became 290.
September 27, 2004-9-27488 characters added + 205 characters added (*) Of the 205 characters, 195 are old forms of Joyo Kanji, 10 are the old forms of characters for personal names.
This makes the current number of personal name kanji is 290 + 488 + 205, for a total of 983.
As of 2010, the list of Joyo Kanji includes 2136 characters.

All of that said, while the print and broadcast media (particularly NHK) are careful not to use unlisted characters, there are numerous instances of Japanese writers ignoring the above guidelines. Even Japanese patent specifications—arguably public documents—provide numerous examples of characters not included in the current Joyo Kanji list of 2136 characters. And, of course, most literate Japanese, which includes a higher portion of the population than in cultures with ostensibly “easier” languages, are able to read and use many characters beyond the official lists.

Another aspect of kanji that I have noticed is that, while many anglophones comment that kanji are so difficult that young students are unduly burdened, I have almost never heard such comments from native Japanese speakers, outside of educators. Kanji are just accepted by the general public, like the air around us, with no complaints heard or reforms demanded, except perhaps from lingering kanjicrats in government agencies.